من طرف علاء الدين احمد عبد الحلي الأحد مارس 22, 2009 4:45 pm[left] 
Vocabulary
Shuttle مكوك فضائي
Havoc دمار خراب
Impact صدمة تأثير
Glider طائرة شراعية
Accelerate يسرع
explore يستكشف
Astronaut رائد فضاء
Atmosphere غلاف جوى
Space craft سفينة فضاء
Rocket صاروخ
Missiles صواريخ حربية
Fuel tank خزان وقود
Recover يشفى
Satellite قمر صناعي
asteroids كوكب صغير
Predict يتنبأ
close to قريب من
threaten يهدد
Gravity الجاذبية
Bother يزعج يضايق
Furniture أثاث (مفرد)
Float يطفو يعوم
Ancestors الأجداد الأسلاف
Creatures مخلوقات
Decorate يزين يزخرف
Evidence دليل برهان
Chart خريطة يرسم
Cluster مجموعة
mining التعدين
Absorb يمتص
Mentally عقليا
Emotionally عاطفيا
Hurricane إعصار
Orbit مدار يدور
Herd قطيع
Poster إعلان
Paste معجون
Suck يمتص
Cope with يساير يتماشى مع
Upset متضايق
Cutlery سكاكين المائدة
Survive ينجو من حادثة
Talent موهبة
Talented شخص موهوب
Spot بقعة
A pity شفقة رحمة
Runway ممر مدرج
Universe الكون
Equivalent مساوي ل
Curve منحنى ينحني
The Lesson In Points
Space is everything and everywhere outside the Earth ُ s atmosphere الغلاف الجوى.
A shuttle مكوك الفضاء consists of a spacecraft, two rockets and a huge fuel tank. The power needed to lift a shuttle into space is equivalent to مساوية ل 140 jumbo jets.
When a shuttle reaches its planned orbit,مدار مخطط له the rockets and the fuel tank fall away into the sea and recovered by ship.
When the shuttle reaches space, the engines cut out and the shuttle begins to fly smoothlyبنعومة.
When you are in space, you see the earth as if it were a little blue marble. It is dramatically beautiful.
At the end of the journey, the shuttle returns to Earth like a glider طائرة شراعية on a specially designed runwayممر .
In space, satellites are used for communication, weather forecasting and for the remote sensing of underground oil and water.
Many asteroids that orbit the sun contain valuable metals, so there could be exciting projects in space like mining.
An asteroid can hit the Earth and cause havoc,دمار but scientists can predict this 20 years before its impact. تأثير
Scientists can knock an asteroid off its course يبعد عن مسارهby setting off an explosion انفجار near it.
Language Notes
a two-hour drive ساعتان سفر بالسيارة
a three-week holiday اجازة لمدة ثلاثة اسلبيع
equivalent to مساوى ل hurricane الاعصار
growing number اعداد متزايدة havoc الدمار
astronaut رائد فضاء astronomer عالم فلك
spacecraft سفينة فضاء shuttle مكوك الفضاء
specially designed for مصممة خصيصا ل
forecast يتنبا باحوال الطقس predict يتنبا بالمستقبل
Knock off work = stop working ينتهى من عمل شيء
Knock off the price = reduce the price of يقلل السعر
Knock off course يبعد شيء عن مساره المعتاد
Prepositions
Take off تقلع الطائرة consist of يتكون من
rely on يعتمد على depend on يعتمد على
cope with يتماشى مع go with يتناسب مع
knock off يتوقف عن العمل knock off the price
fed up with يتضايق من يخفض السعر
get on their nerves يضايق cut out ينفصل - تتوقف
Example Sentences
The employees in that firm knock off for Lunch at two.
We should learn to cope with the new inventions
around us. We should depend on ourselves.
The weight of the dinosaur is equivalent to that of ten
elephants.
The lorry knocked the small car off its course on the
bridge. It was a terrible accident.
Wars cause a lot of havoc to the nations.
Choose the correct answer:
01.Astranauts float in space because of zero……………………
degree gravity density Humidity
02.Space cruisers will……………the earth at a height of 320k.m
wander orbit move Fly
03.A shuttle needs power…...to 140 jumbo jets to be taken into space.
moderate equivalent prevalent Completed
04.A...can travel into space and return to earth more than once
glider shuttle rocket plane
05.The hurricane caused…………...on the small tropical island.
happiness havoc Honour Welfare
06.The lorry knocked the car……………………………..its course.
out into off up
07.On this mission the spacecraft will……………….….the earth.
move go orbit turn
08.A……………………………………….can fly without an engine.
shuttle plane glider jumbo
09.The……..of the crash threw the passengers out of their seats
use advantage impact merit
10………………………….….are small planets that circle the sun.
shuttles Planets Stars Asteroids
11.Sceintists use remote…....to find underground water and oil.
control sensing distance objects
12…………………………..are used in space for communication.
Shuttles Stars Satellites Space ships
13.Travelling from Cairo to Menia is only a ……….drive in a car
Two-hours Two-hour Two-hoursُ Two-hour ُ s
14.I bought some new curtains to cope….the new decorations.
at for with without
15.Astronauts can……………....when asteroids will hit the earth.
pretend protect predict Produce
Grammar & Modal Verbs
Can = be able to + verb تعبر عن القدرة والإمكانية والسماح
Could = was-were able to + verb
EX: He can type 60 words a minute = He is able to type….
Ex: He could defeat his enemy = He was able to defeat..
EX: You can drive the car as long as you have a license.
EX: He could ride a bicycle when he was four years old.
Must & have to = have got to = It is necessary to
EX: It is too late, we have to=must leave now.
== It is necessary for us to leave now.
Must إلزام داخلي --------- عندما يعبر المتكلم عن مشاعره الشخصية
Have to إلزام خارجي ----- عندما يعبر المتكلم عن حقائق خارجية
Have to = have got to عند النفي don’t /doesn’t have to
EX: I am sorry, I canُ t travel with you. I have to be at work
this afternoon.
EX: You have to be at work by 8 o'clock. It is necessary.
Mustn't = be not allowed to = be forbiddenمنع حظر
EX: You mustn’t smoke here. It is not allowed to smoke…
EX: You mustn’t park your car here. You are forbidden to.
don’t /doesn’t have to = neednُ t + verb……………..
= = It isn’t necessary to + verb……… ليس من الضروري
EX: You don’t have to bring your umbrella. It is fine today.
EX: We don’t have to=neednُ t take a taxi. It is too early.
EX: I am invited to dinner. We don’t have to cook today.
EX: She doesn’t have to = neednُ t hurry. It is too early.
= = It isn’t necessary to…………………………في المضارع
didn’t have to = didn’t need to + verb - - -
= neednُ t have + P.P - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
= It wasn’t necessary to + verb - - - - - - - - - فى الماضى
EX: He didn’t have to make the bed. his mother did it.
= = It wasn’t necessary for him to make the bed.
EX: You didn’t have to take your coat. It wasn’t cold.
= = it wasn’t necessary for you to take your coat.
should = ought to = ُd better + verb - - - للنصيحة
EX: You should = ought to see this if you have time.
EX: You should = ُ d better study for the exams.
= = It is advisable for you to + verb - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Should have = ought to have + P.P - كان يجب فى الماضى
EX: He should have phoned before coming. I wasn’t ready for him.
EX: He should have helped me with my work but he didn’t
EX: He was very ill, we should have visited him in hospital.
shouldn’t + verb - - = It isn’t a good idea to + verb
EX: You shouldn’t stay up very late at night.
= = It isn’t a good idea to stay up late at night.
EX: You shouldn’t waste your time.
= = It isn’t a good idea to waste your time.
May – might + verb = It is possible -من الممكن فى المضارع
May – might + have + P.P كان من الممكن فى الماضى
EX: He may come tomorrow. It is possible that he will come
EX: He may have finished his work last night.
EX: They were late. They might have missed the nine
oُ clock train.
Exercises
Re write the following sentences:
01.It isn’t necessary for you to attend the meeting.
[have to]
You don’t have to attend the meeting.
02.Smoking at the petrol station is prohibited.
[ allowed ]
Smoking at the petrol station isn’t allowed.
You are not allowed to smoke at the petrol station.
03.He had to study for the exam but he didn’t.
[ should ]
He should have studied for the exam.
04.You were wrong to insult your friend. [ should ]
You shouldn’t have insulted your friend.
05.It was necessary for him to take a taxi as he was very late. [ He…... ]
He had to take a taxi as he was very late.
06.You mustn’t park here. There is a" No-Parking" sign. [ allowed ]
You aren’t allowed to park here.
You are forbidden to park here.
07.It isn’t necessary to do your homework tonight.
[ neednُ t ]
You needenُ t = don’t have to do your homework tonight
08.It wasn’t necessary for him to accept the invitation. [ needenُ t ]
He neednُ t have accepted the invitation.=didn’t have to
09.It is advisable to read a lot in your spare time.
[ ought ]
You ought to read a lot in your spare time.
Choose the correct answer:
01.Car drivers ………………..follow the traffic rules in big cities.
must can may Might
02.The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. I …………….……asleep.
Can not be Should be Must ُve been Must have
03.She ………go to his party. She promised him she would go.
Had to Has to Have to Needenُt
04.Your exams are finished, so now you…….…study so hard.
Must should Can not Don’t ُve to
05.I…………………….go to school yesterday. It was a holiday.
Will not Need not Mustn’t Didn’t ُve to
06.We………stop as there had been an accident on the road.
must should Can not Had to
07.Ola was at home all day yesterday. She………….at work.
Must be Must ُve been Should be Can not be
08.You …….…..post the letter now. You can post it tomorrow.
Must Mustn’t Have to Don’t ُve to
09.We have plenty of time. We………………..….drive very fast.
Mustn’t Neednُ t must Had to
10.Who is knocking on the door. It …your father. It is too early
Must be Should be Can not be Can be
11.I can not find my keys. I ………………….. them in the office.
Can not leave Must leave Must ُve left Can leave
12.That………..the postman. He never arrives before 8 oُclock.
Must be Can be Can not be May be
13.He ………………..to hospital as he suffered from great pain.
Must go Should go Must ُve gone Can not go
14.You……….……..smoke here. There is a "No-Smoking" sign.
Mustn’t must Needenُ t Shouldn’t
Paragraph Writing
Our hopes in the third millennium
At the beginning of the third millennium, we have great hopes. Depending on the great development in the field of medicine, we hope to see the end of the serious diseases. We expect this millennium to be the end of wars, and hope to enjoy everlasting peace.
With the great progress in technology, we are sure to be able to solve our problems. Modern inventions and energy saving appliances and equipment will certainly make our life more comfortable. Scientific research is making great progress in various fields and science will reveal their secrets.
The Best Qualities of a Good Friend
In fact man can't live alone. He needs to live with others , but we should be very careful when we choose our friends .The true friend should be helpful because "A friend in need is a friend indeed"
The true friend is always ready to help his friends and those who are in need .The true friend should also be kind and honest .He should keep secret and never tell lies .He shouldn't be selfish . Finally we can say that a true friend is as precious as gold .
Complete the following dialogue between:
A lady is applying for a job as a secretary
Manager: Good morning. Have a seat. …………1…………?
Lady ----: Of course, I am ready.
Manager: …………………………..2…………………………….?
Lady ----: Yes, in the 10th of Ramadan City but I left this job.
Manager: Well, why did you leave this job?
Lady ----: …………………………..3……………………………..?
Manager: Can you work on computer?
Lady ----: Of course, I can.
Manager: ………………………….4……………………………..?
Lady ----: For three years.
Manager: Well, you can receive your job now.
1Are you ready for the meeting?
2Have you worked as a secretary before?
3The salary wasn’t good.
OR: It was very far from my house
4How long have you been working on computer?
Translate into English:
left][right][b]
Vocabulary
Shuttle مكوك فضائي
Havoc دمار خراب
Impact صدمة تأثير
Glider طائرة شراعية
Accelerate يسرع
explore يستكشف
Astronaut رائد فضاء
Atmosphere غلاف جوى
Space craft سفينة فضاء
Rocket صاروخ
Missiles صواريخ حربية
Fuel tank خزان وقود
Recover يشفى
Satellite قمر صناعي
asteroids كوكب صغير
Predict يتنبأ
close to قريب من
threaten يهدد
Gravity الجاذبية
Bother يزعج يضايق
Furniture أثاث (مفرد)
Float يطفو يعوم
Ancestors الأجداد الأسلاف
Creatures مخلوقات
Decorate يزين يزخرف
Evidence دليل برهان
Chart خريطة يرسم
Cluster مجموعة
mining التعدين
Absorb يمتص
Mentally عقليا
Emotionally عاطفيا
Hurricane إعصار
Orbit مدار يدور
Herd قطيع
Poster إعلان
Paste معجون
Suck يمتص
Cope with يساير يتماشى مع
Upset متضايق
Cutlery سكاكين المائدة
Survive ينجو من حادثة
Talent موهبة
Talented شخص موهوب
Spot بقعة
A pity شفقة رحمة
Runway ممر مدرج
Universe الكون
Equivalent مساوي ل
Curve منحنى ينحني
The Lesson In Points
Space is everything and everywhere outside the Earth ُ s atmosphere الغلاف الجوى.
A shuttle مكوك الفضاء consists of a spacecraft, two rockets and a huge fuel tank. The power needed to lift a shuttle into space is equivalent to مساوية ل 140 jumbo jets.
When a shuttle reaches its planned orbit,مدار مخطط له the rockets and the fuel tank fall away into the sea and recovered by ship.
When the shuttle reaches space, the engines cut out and the shuttle begins to fly smoothlyبنعومة.
When you are in space, you see the earth as if it were a little blue marble. It is dramatically beautiful.
At the end of the journey, the shuttle returns to Earth like a glider طائرة شراعية on a specially designed runwayممر .
In space, satellites are used for communication, weather forecasting and for the remote sensing of underground oil and water.
Many asteroids that orbit the sun contain valuable metals, so there could be exciting projects in space like mining.
An asteroid can hit the Earth and cause havoc,دمار but scientists can predict this 20 years before its impact. تأثير
Scientists can knock an asteroid off its course يبعد عن مسارهby setting off an explosion انفجار near it.
Language Notes
a two-hour drive ساعتان سفر بالسيارة
a three-week holiday اجازة لمدة ثلاثة اسلبيع
equivalent to مساوى ل hurricane الاعصار
growing number اعداد متزايدة havoc الدمار
astronaut رائد فضاء astronomer عالم فلك
spacecraft سفينة فضاء shuttle مكوك الفضاء
specially designed for مصممة خصيصا ل
forecast يتنبا باحوال الطقس predict يتنبا بالمستقبل
Knock off work = stop working ينتهى من عمل شيء
Knock off the price = reduce the price of يقلل السعر
Knock off course يبعد شيء عن مساره المعتاد
Prepositions
Take off تقلع الطائرة consist of يتكون من
rely on يعتمد على depend on يعتمد على
cope with يتماشى مع go with يتناسب مع
knock off يتوقف عن العمل knock off the price
fed up with يتضايق من يخفض السعر
get on their nerves يضايق cut out ينفصل - تتوقف
Example Sentences
The employees in that firm knock off for Lunch at two.
We should learn to cope with the new inventions
around us. We should depend on ourselves.
The weight of the dinosaur is equivalent to that of ten
elephants.
The lorry knocked the small car off its course on the
bridge. It was a terrible accident.
Wars cause a lot of havoc to the nations.
Choose the correct answer:
01.Astranauts float in space because of zero……………………
degree gravity density Humidity
02.Space cruisers will……………the earth at a height of 320k.m
wander orbit move Fly
03.A shuttle needs power…...to 140 jumbo jets to be taken into space.
moderate equivalent prevalent Completed
04.A...can travel into space and return to earth more than once
glider shuttle rocket plane
05.The hurricane caused…………...on the small tropical island.
happiness havoc Honour Welfare
06.The lorry knocked the car……………………………..its course.
out into off up
07.On this mission the spacecraft will……………….….the earth.
move go orbit turn
08.A……………………………………….can fly without an engine.
shuttle plane glider jumbo
09.The……..of the crash threw the passengers out of their seats
use advantage impact merit
10………………………….….are small planets that circle the sun.
shuttles Planets Stars Asteroids
11.Sceintists use remote…....to find underground water and oil.
control sensing distance objects
12…………………………..are used in space for communication.
Shuttles Stars Satellites Space ships
13.Travelling from Cairo to Menia is only a ……….drive in a car
Two-hours Two-hour Two-hoursُ Two-hour ُ s
14.I bought some new curtains to cope….the new decorations.
at for with without
15.Astronauts can……………....when asteroids will hit the earth.
pretend protect predict Produce
Grammar & Modal Verbs
Can = be able to + verb تعبر عن القدرة والإمكانية والسماح
Could = was-were able to + verb
EX: He can type 60 words a minute = He is able to type….
Ex: He could defeat his enemy = He was able to defeat..
EX: You can drive the car as long as you have a license.
EX: He could ride a bicycle when he was four years old.
Must & have to = have got to = It is necessary to
EX: It is too late, we have to=must leave now.
== It is necessary for us to leave now.
Must إلزام داخلي --------- عندما يعبر المتكلم عن مشاعره الشخصية
Have to إلزام خارجي ----- عندما يعبر المتكلم عن حقائق خارجية
Have to = have got to عند النفي don’t /doesn’t have to
EX: I am sorry, I canُ t travel with you. I have to be at work
this afternoon.
EX: You have to be at work by 8 o'clock. It is necessary.
Mustn't = be not allowed to = be forbiddenمنع حظر
EX: You mustn’t smoke here. It is not allowed to smoke…
EX: You mustn’t park your car here. You are forbidden to.
don’t /doesn’t have to = neednُ t + verb……………..
= = It isn’t necessary to + verb……… ليس من الضروري
EX: You don’t have to bring your umbrella. It is fine today.
EX: We don’t have to=neednُ t take a taxi. It is too early.
EX: I am invited to dinner. We don’t have to cook today.
EX: She doesn’t have to = neednُ t hurry. It is too early.
= = It isn’t necessary to…………………………في المضارع
didn’t have to = didn’t need to + verb - - -
= neednُ t have + P.P - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
= It wasn’t necessary to + verb - - - - - - - - - فى الماضى
EX: He didn’t have to make the bed. his mother did it.
= = It wasn’t necessary for him to make the bed.
EX: You didn’t have to take your coat. It wasn’t cold.
= = it wasn’t necessary for you to take your coat.
should = ought to = ُd better + verb - - - للنصيحة
EX: You should = ought to see this if you have time.
EX: You should = ُ d better study for the exams.
= = It is advisable for you to + verb - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Should have = ought to have + P.P - كان يجب فى الماضى
EX: He should have phoned before coming. I wasn’t ready for him.
EX: He should have helped me with my work but he didn’t
EX: He was very ill, we should have visited him in hospital.
shouldn’t + verb - - = It isn’t a good idea to + verb
EX: You shouldn’t stay up very late at night.
= = It isn’t a good idea to stay up late at night.
EX: You shouldn’t waste your time.
= = It isn’t a good idea to waste your time.
May – might + verb = It is possible -من الممكن فى المضارع
May – might + have + P.P كان من الممكن فى الماضى
EX: He may come tomorrow. It is possible that he will come
EX: He may have finished his work last night.
EX: They were late. They might have missed the nine
oُ clock train.
Exercises
Re write the following sentences:
01.It isn’t necessary for you to attend the meeting.
[have to]
You don’t have to attend the meeting.
02.Smoking at the petrol station is prohibited.
[ allowed ]
Smoking at the petrol station isn’t allowed.
You are not allowed to smoke at the petrol station.
03.He had to study for the exam but he didn’t.
[ should ]
He should have studied for the exam.
04.You were wrong to insult your friend. [ should ]
You shouldn’t have insulted your friend.
05.It was necessary for him to take a taxi as he was very late. [ He…... ]
He had to take a taxi as he was very late.
06.You mustn’t park here. There is a" No-Parking" sign. [ allowed ]
You aren’t allowed to park here.
You are forbidden to park here.
07.It isn’t necessary to do your homework tonight.
[ neednُ t ]
You needenُ t = don’t have to do your homework tonight
08.It wasn’t necessary for him to accept the invitation. [ needenُ t ]
He neednُ t have accepted the invitation.=didn’t have to
09.It is advisable to read a lot in your spare time.
[ ought ]
You ought to read a lot in your spare time.
Choose the correct answer:
01.Car drivers ………………..follow the traffic rules in big cities.
must can may Might
02.The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. I …………….……asleep.
Can not be Should be Must ُve been Must have
03.She ………go to his party. She promised him she would go.
Had to Has to Have to Needenُt
04.Your exams are finished, so now you…….…study so hard.
Must should Can not Don’t ُve to
05.I…………………….go to school yesterday. It was a holiday.
Will not Need not Mustn’t Didn’t ُve to
06.We………stop as there had been an accident on the road.
must should Can not Had to
07.Ola was at home all day yesterday. She………….at work.
Must be Must ُve been Should be Can not be
08.You …….…..post the letter now. You can post it tomorrow.
Must Mustn’t Have to Don’t ُve to
09.We have plenty of time. We………………..….drive very fast.
Mustn’t Neednُ t must Had to
10.Who is knocking on the door. It …your father. It is too early
Must be Should be Can not be Can be
11.I can not find my keys. I ………………….. them in the office.
Can not leave Must leave Must ُve left Can leave
12.That………..the postman. He never arrives before 8 oُclock.
Must be Can be Can not be May be
13.He ………………..to hospital as he suffered from great pain.
Must go Should go Must ُve gone Can not go
14.You……….……..smoke here. There is a "No-Smoking" sign.
Mustn’t must Needenُ t Shouldn’t
Paragraph Writing
Our hopes in the third millennium
At the beginning of the third millennium, we have great hopes. Depending on the great development in the field of medicine, we hope to see the end of the serious diseases. We expect this millennium to be the end of wars, and hope to enjoy everlasting peace.
With the great progress in technology, we are sure to be able to solve our problems. Modern inventions and energy saving appliances and equipment will certainly make our life more comfortable. Scientific research is making great progress in various fields and science will reveal their secrets.
The Best Qualities of a Good Friend
In fact man can't live alone. He needs to live with others , but we should be very careful when we choose our friends .The true friend should be helpful because "A friend in need is a friend indeed"
The true friend is always ready to help his friends and those who are in need .The true friend should also be kind and honest .He should keep secret and never tell lies .He shouldn't be selfish . Finally we can say that a true friend is as precious as gold .
Complete the following dialogue between:
A lady is applying for a job as a secretary
Manager: Good morning. Have a seat. …………1…………?
Lady ----: Of course, I am ready.
Manager: …………………………..2…………………………….?
Lady ----: Yes, in the 10th of Ramadan City but I left this job.
Manager: Well, why did you leave this job?
Lady ----: …………………………..3……………………………..?
Manager: Can you work on computer?
Lady ----: Of course, I can.
Manager: ………………………….4……………………………..?
Lady ----: For three years.
Manager: Well, you can receive your job now.
1Are you ready for the meeting?
2Have you worked as a secretary before?
3The salary wasn’t good.
OR: It was very far from my house
4How long have you been working on computer?
Translate into English:
left][right][b]
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